Sports violence and media

There are a few proposed theories for the explanation of violence in sports. They include biological, psychological and social learning theories. Biological theory suggests that aggression is a basic, inherent human condition. Therefore, having said this, sport is considered to be an acceptable method for athletes to let off steam or pent-up aggression.

Psychological theory, on the other hand, relies on the concept of "frustration" as the main cause for the occurrence of violence in sports. With the pressures of the game--such as fans who heckle players, questionable calls made by the officials, and player's egos--frustration can build up to the point where outbursts of violence can occur.

Social learning theory maintains that violent behaviour is learned through "modelling". Furthermore, rewards and punishments ultimately reinforce this behaviour. Therefore, when kids see their favourite sports heroes on TV, they are more than likely going to try and imitate them.

So, those who happen to idolize an enforcer from a NHL hockey team may see violence as an acceptable means for making it to the NHL where, subsequently, millions ($) are to be made. Generally, violent and rough play seems to be given more airtime than normal play. Rough play guarantees interest and facilitates enjoyment presumably because of the fierce competitiveness it exposes.

There is little argument that the media can profit from feature articles and documentaries about sport and sport figures. In fact, sport is a primary source for the media industry to focus on. The exploitation of professional athletes in feature stories still secures TV ratings and sells newspapers, magazines, and books, especially when it comes to the issue of sports violence.