sudo apt-get install openssh-server

*Remember: You can open a terminal by pressing Alt+F2, typing gnome-terminal and pressing enter

Creating Additional Desktops

In the examples so far we have only covered remote access to the primary desktop. By primary desktop we mean the desktop you see when you sit at your computer and turn on the monitor. While this is fine for a single user system we should not lose sight of the fact that Linux is a multi-user operating system and it will often be necessary for more than one person to have remote desktop access at a time. While it might be fun to watch everyone fight over the mouse point as they share the same desktop it is clear that not much work will get done. The solution to this is to run multiple desktops for the users to connect to.

New desktop environments are created using the vncserver utility. The first step is to assign a password to protect these desktops. THis can be achieved using the vncpasswd tool. Run this tool from the command-line prompt in a terminal window and enter the password of your choice.

The desktop we have used so far in this chapter is desktop :0. New desktops must be assigned different numbers. For example to launch desktop 1: run the following command from a terminal window command-line prompt:

sudo apt-get install vnc4server xinetd

vncserver :1 -extension XFIXES

http://www.movingtofreedom.org/2007/02/16/howto-remote-desktop-with-vnc-in-ubuntu-edgy-gnu-linux/

• Download the following three files:

"NX Desktop Server DEB for Linux" from [3]
"NX Node DEB for Linux" from [4]
"NX Client DEB for Linux" from [5]

• Install the files in the order shown below by right clicking on them and installing them, or using a package manager, or from the command line you could do sudo dpkg -i file/path/filename.deb for each file. Install them in this order:

To reemphasize what hhcv said: I also needed to do
sudo adduser SomeNewUserName

(and give this new user a password)

before I could successfully run

sudo smbpasswd -a SomeNewUserName

The first creates a UNIX user, the second creates an SMB user. I don't know if the two passwords need to be the same, but I made them the same just in case.

===================================

1) create unix user (e.g. wsuser)
2) sudo apt-get install samba smbfs
3) sudo smbpasswd -a wsuser
4) sudo gedit /etc/samba/smbusers
#add this line
wsuser = "wsuser"
5) sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
# add two lines after "####### Authentication #######"
security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

# Uncomment below three lines
[homes]
comment = Home Directories
browseable = yes
# add line
writable = yes

access windows shared directory from Linux samba

sudo mkdir /mnt/l-sjn-xxx.corp.yyy.com

sudo smbmount //l-sjn-xxx.corp.yyy.com/public_share /mnt/l-sjn-xxx.corp.yyy.com -o user=xxx,gid=users

Installing apxs2 on Ubuntu Warty

How To Configure Remote Access To Your Ubuntu Desktop

Version 1.0
Author: Falko Timme
Last edited 01/23/2008

This guide explains how you can enable a remote desktop on an Ubuntu desktop so that you can access and control it remotely. This makes sense for example if you have customers that are not very tech-savvy. If they have a problem, you can log in to their desktops without the need to drive to their location. I will also show how to access the remote Ubuntu desktop from a Windows XP client and an Ubuntu client.

I do not issue any guarantee that this will work for you!

How to mount a remote ssh filesystem using sshfs October 28, 2005

如何为 Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn) 安装中文输入法。（这篇文章的标题之所以用英文写，是为了方便大家在没有中文输入法的情况下也能找到此文。）

选择之一：安装 SCIM

其实即使是在不能进行中文输入的 Ubuntu 中，默认也有 SCIM 这个输入法的，我们只需要用下面的命令为其添加中文输入支持和智能拼音输入法就可以了。

sudo apt-get install im-switch scim-chinese scim-pinyin
# 如需安装五笔输入法，安装 scim-tables-zh 即可
im-switch -s scim

按下 Ctrl + Alt + BackSpace 重启 X 就可以看到它了。

选择之二：fcitx 小企鹅输入法

我个人是不太习惯 SCIM 的五笔输入，感觉做的非常别扭，并且词组库也不全，所以在从 fcitx 改向 SCIM 没两钟头后又立刻转回 fcitx。

安装步骤如下：

sudo apt-get install fcitx im-switch
im-switch -s fcitx
# 如果你的系统的 locale 是英文，还需要让 fcitx 支持英文系统的自动启动：
sudo gedit /etc/gtk-2.0/gtk.immodules

找到 “X Input Method” 那一行，把 “ko:ja:th:zh” 替换为 “en:ko:ja:th:zh”。

同样，按下 Ctrl + Alt + BackSpace 重启 X 后就可以看到它了。

看了 Nicky 的 Eva 不能登录的解决办法，我心想今儿个再试试看 Eva 能不能用，其实压根没报什么希望，孰料居然可以上了。

我用的 Eva 版本是 0.4.9，之前死活登录不了，提示“密码错误”，今天又好端端地可以用了，不知道是马腾讯斩了珊瑚虫乐得屁颠了，还是之前我 RP 太低。

PS: 我什么方法也没用，只是试了试就登录成功了，如果非要说我做了什么，那就是正在升级到 Ubuntu 7.10 Gutsy Gibbon，应该没什么必然联系吧？

一般安装

1、下载ubuntu-6.10-alternate-i386.iso  ，一定要是alternate版，而不是desktop版

2、下载引导文件 (这个其实不是这么用的，你当然可以去下个grub for dos，不过这里有我就懒得找了)
解压后把 boot 文件夹、grldr文件移到 C:\
在 c:\boot.ini 文件后面添加
c:\grldr="Ubuntu Linux "
把 timeout=0 改成 timeout=3

3、在任意盘找根目录中建一个 edgy 文件夹，把下载的桌面版光盘(*.iso)文件放到此目录中

4、下载引导文件initrd.gz , vmlinuz

5、修改c:\boot\grub\menu.lst 加入如下内容

How To Install VMware Server (Version 1.0.6) On An Ubuntu 8.04 Desktop

This tutorial provides step-by-step instructions on how to install VMware Server (version 1.0.6) on an Ubuntu 8.04 desktop system. With VMware Server you can create and run guest operating systems ("virtual machines") such as Linux, Windows, FreeBSD, etc. under a host operating system. This has the benefit that you can run multiple operating systems on the same hardware which saves a lot of money, and you can move virtual machines from one VMware Server to the next one (or to a system that has the VMware Player which is also free).

Ubuntu Linux Install Sun Java Development Kit ( JDK ) and Java Runtime Environment ( JRE )

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Q. How do I install Sun Java Development Kit (JDK) and Java Runtime Environment (JRE) under Ubuntu Linux? It appears that there are multiple JRE installed by default under Ubuntu. How do I select and use Sun JRE only? Can you explain steps required to set the environment to run java programs or apps?

A. Ubuntu Linux 7.10 has following packages from Sun:
=> sun-java6-bin : Sun Java Runtime Environment (JRE) 6

=> sun-java6-demo : Sun Java Development Kit (JDK) 6 demos

=> sun-java6-jdk : Sun Java Development Kit (JDK) 6

=> sun-java6-jre : Sun Java Runtime Environment (JRE) 6

• Setup your Development Environment - or follow the steps below if you're a veteran.

1. Download and install JDK 5+ (make sure your JAVA_HOME environment variable points to the JDK, not a JRE).
2. Download and install MySQL 5.x.
3. Setup a local SMTP server or change mail.properties (in src/main/resources) to use a different host name - it defaults to "localhost".
4. Download and install Maven 2.0.9+.

• From the command line, cd into your "Source" directory (c:\Source on Windows, ~/dev on Unix) and run one of the mvn archetype:create commands from the table below.  
  
• 
  
• export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun
  export M2_HOME=/usr/lib/apache-maven/apache-maven-2.0.9
  export M2=$M2_HOME/bin
  export MAVEN_OPTS="-Xms256m -Xmx512m"
  export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$M2
  
  

9. Compiling from source

Ubuntu's package repository is huge, particularly when you factor in packages in the Universe and Multiverse repositories. However, many users find themselves needing to install packages from source, either because they want to use a newer package than is available in the repository, or they want to try something that's not in the Ubuntu repository at all.

If you want to install packages from source, you can use a few shortcuts to make life easier. First, you'll probably want to get the build-essential meta-package if you haven't installed any developer tools. Run sudo apt-get install build-essential; it will grab GCC, the Linux kernel headers, GNU Make, and some other packages that you'll probably need.

Next, if you're going to compile a package such as Gaim because a new version is out, you might be able to satisfy the new version's dependencies with the old version's dependencies. To do this, grab the package's build dependencies with sudo apt-get build-dep packagename . That will grab all of the development packages you need to build the package that's currently available in Ubuntu, and will probably satisfy dependencies for the new version you're compiling.

Finally, don't make install when you compile from source -- use CheckInstall instead. CheckInstall will create a Debian package and install it for you, so you can remove or upgrade the software more easily later on.

Grab CheckInstall with apt-get install checkinstall. After you've run ./configure ; make, just run sudo checkinstall and answer a few simple questions. Note that if you compile packages on AMD64, CheckInstall will select X86_64 as the architecture rather than amd64 -- which will cause the package install to fail, since Ubuntu expects amd64 as the architecture rather than X86_64.

By the way, the packages created by CheckInstall also make it easier to deploy the same package on several machines, if you happen to have several systems running Ubuntu. See Joe Barr's excellent CLI Magic feature on CheckInstall too.

Now you need to get the Vmware server registration number from the URL Specified in the screen enter serial number select ok and press enter

How to enable the universe and multiverse repositories in Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy)

Posted by admin on June 4th, 2008  Email This Post

/var/cache/apt/archives

This is very useful when you want to check which version of package is installed on your system and you can take backup of this folder and install all the packages in another machine

If you want to use GUI Program for this check here

hough there are many alternatives for MS Office, no doubt MS Office 2007 is a winner. If you want to install MS 2007 in Linux follow these steps:
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1. Install Wine
2. Select Applications>Wine>Configure Wine to bring the Wine Configuration dialog box.
   
3. Select Windows Version as Windows Vista from the Applications Tab
   
4. Override two dll files rpcrt4.dll and msxml3.dll from Libraries tab. Override them to be Native (Windows)
5. Download rpcrt4.dll file. Click here and save it on your desktop.
6. Open the c_drive from Wine menu
7. Delete rpcrt4.dll and msxml3.dll files from Windows/System32 directory.
8. Copy the downloaded rpcrt4.dll file into Windows/System32 directory
9. Download msxml3.msi file from Microsoft download site (here is the direct link for your convenience).
10. Install msxml3.msi file from the Terminal window by issuing msiexec /i msxml3.msi
11. Double click on setup.exe file from your MS Office 2007 installation CD. If it doesn’t work just type wine setup.exe from the Terminal window.
12. Follow the normal installation procedures.

Watch the step-by-step video:

Skype and aMSN

I’m Using Ubuntu 8.04 final, and it didnt work out in the first place.

after installing libstdc++5 from synaptic
and copying the codecs to /usr/lib/codecs

everything worked fine!
(dont know which one of them made the difference, it probably has been only be the directory change)

Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron) 中集成了强大3D交互界面，Ubuntu 的 3D 桌面特效给用户带来了一种全新的视觉用户。想必有很多朋友也因为看到了 Ubuntu 8.04 那炫目的 3D 桌面特效才开始慢慢地了解 Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron) 的。虽然在这之前也不少的朋友写过设置 Ubuntu  Linux 3D 桌面特效的文章，但新发行版的发布也会有新的朋友看到了 Ubuntu 3D 桌面特效而接触 Ubuntu  Linux 。因此，我觉得有必要把在 Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron) 开启 3D 桌面特效的方法给新手们再详细的介绍一下。

本文采用图文并茂的方式给新们讲解，几乎每一步骤都有配图片和文字说明，通过本文的介绍了后,没有多少 Ubuntu Linux 基础的新手们也应该能轻松地在 Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron) 中开启3D 桌面特效。

如果你在英文locale下，正确安装scim或fcitx后仍无法正常使用输入法，解决的方法如下：

sudo aptitude install im-switch

如果你用scim，运行

sudo im-switch -s scim -z all_ALL
im-switch -s scim -z all_ALL

The CGI protocol is wonderful for the remote execution of short tasks. But how do you execute a longer task? A task can’t just run without giving some kind of feedback to the user — eventually either the user will get bored or Apache will drop the connection.

I’ve seen (and written) some solutions that depend on “server push”, but not all browsers support that feature. Other solutions I’ve seen slowly write simple HTML and rely on the browser to incrementally render a page to reflect activity. Again, you can’t count on that behavior across the browser spectrum.

But one solution that minimizes server overhead and dependence on browser peculiarities is client pull, also called “meta refresh”. In client pull, the initial request forks a process to perform the real work and redirects the browser to a new URL that “pulls” the results obtained so far. While the results remain incomplete, an additional header instructs the browser to “refresh” the data after a predetermined number of seconds.

All that sounds messy. For example, how will each CGI invocation know what data to display? Where will this data be? And, how will requests manage inter-process communication? Believe it or not, the solutions are not as daunting as they might seem.

First, each CGI request will be assigned a unique “session key” that’s hard to guess, but easy to hand around. This session key provides all the differentiation we need. In my sample code, I’m using the MD5 hash of unpredictable data.

Next, I could use temporary files to store session data, but that requires some sort of cleaner to zap stale files. An easier solution is to use the Cache::Cache from the CPAN — a Perl module I’ve sung praises about in the past.

So, the basic strategy is this: the browser hits the form and the user fills out that form; the browser submits the form; after verifying good information, the response forks to run the task and redirect the browser back with a session key; the forked process runs the task, collects output as it arrives, updates a cache, and sets a flag when the task is complete; the CGI script pulls data from the cache and displays it, sending a refresh as long as the data is not complete.

For purposes of demonstration, we’ll use traceroute, a typical system administration task. Obviously, traceroute consumes system and network resources, so you shouldn’t set this up in a public place exactly as I’ve written it (as shown in Listing One) unless you want angry glares from your network neighbors.

 1   #!/usr/bin/perl -T
 2   use strict;
 3   $|++;
 4
 5   $ENV{PATH} = “/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin”;
 6
 7   use CGI qw(:all delete_all escapeHTML);
 8
 9   if (my $session = param(’session’)) {
10     my $cache = get_cache_handle();
11     my $data = $cache->get($session);
12     unless ($data and ref $data eq “ARRAY”) {
13       show_form();
14       exit 0;
15     }
16     print header;
17     print start_html(-title => “Traceroute Results”,
18       ($data->[0] ? () : (-head =>
19       [”<meta http-equiv=refresh content=5>”])));
20     print h1(”Traceroute Results”);
21     print pre(escapeHTML($data->[1]));
22     print p(i(”… continuing …”)) unless $data->[0];
23     print end_html;
24   } elsif (my $host = param(’host’)) {
25     if ($host =~ /^([a-zA-Z0-9.-]{1,100})z/) {
26       $host = $1;
27       my $session = get_session_id();
28       my $cache = get_cache_handle();
29       $cache->set($session, [0, “”]);
30
31       if (my $pid = fork) {
32         delete_all();
33         param(’session’, $session);
34         print redirect(self_url());
35       } elsif (defined $pid) {
36         close STDOUT;
37         unless (open F, “-|”) {
38           open STDERR, “>&=1″;
39           exec “/usr/sbin/traceroute”, $host;
40           die “Cannot execute traceroute: $!”;
41         }
42         my $buf = “”;
43         while (<F>) {
44           $buf .= $_;
45           $cache->set($session, [0, $buf]);
46         }
47         $cache->set($session, [1, $buf]);
48         exit 0;
49       } else {
50         die “Cannot fork: $!”;
51       }
52     } else {
53       show_form();
54     }
55   } else {
56     show_form();
57   }
58
59   exit 0;
60
61   sub show_form {
62     print header, start_html(”Traceroute”), h1(”Traceroute”);
63     print start_form;
64     print submit(’traceroute to this host:’), ” “, textfield(’host’);
65     print end_form, end_html;
66   }
67
68   sub get_cache_handle {
69     require Cache::FileCache;
70
71     Cache::FileCache->new
72         ({
73     namespace => ‘tracerouter’,
74     username => ‘nobody’,
75     default_expires_in => ‘30 minutes’,
76     auto_purge_interval => ‘4 hours’,
77          });
78   }
79
80   sub get_session_id {
81       require Digest::MD5;
82
83       Digest::MD5::md5_hex(Digest::MD5::md5_hex(time().{}.rand().$$));
84}

Lines 1 through 3 begin nearly every CGI program I write: enable taint checking, set compiler restrictions, and disable the buffering of standard output.

Line 5 sets the shell execution path. Because we’re tainted, any use of a child command will be forbidden unless the PATH itself is also untainted — the simplest way to do that is to set PATH directly.

Line 7 pulls in the CGI shortcuts, including a couple of unusual entries that don’t get pulled in with :all (for reasons I can’t fathom).

Lines 9 to 57 form the three-way switch that determines what the CGI program does for a particular invocation. Since the code segments are listed in the reverse order of their normal invocation sequence, I’ll start at the bottom and work backwards.

Line 56 shows a Web form that accepts a single parameter, the host to which we are traceroute-ing. This comes from a subroutine defined in lines 61 to 66. Simply put, we print the HTTP (actually CGI) header, the beginning of the HTML document (titling the page as Traceroute), and then a first-level head also titled Traceroute. The form comes next (with an action that defaults to the same script again) along with a single submit button and a text field. The fieldname is host, which we note for the next part of the description. Then the form is closed and the HTML is completed. This is your standard trivial form.

When the user submits this form, we come back to the same script and end up in the code starting in line 24. Here’s where it gets interesting.

First lines 25 and 26 validate the input parameter and untaint it by extracting the host name from it via a narrowly defined regex. Note that I limit the size of the hostname to 100 characters (to prevent a denial-of-service or buffer-overflow attack) and the range of characters to prevent other messiness. Be very conservative when accepting web form parameters. If the validation fails, we redisplay the form in line 53.

Line 27 fetches a unique session ID. The session ID is 32 hex characters and reasonably hard to predict. The subroutine in lines 80 through 84 pull in the Digest::MD5 module (found in the CPAN) to take some random and unpredictable data to generate such a hash. I stole the routine from Apache:: Session; if it’s good enough for them, it’s good enough for me.

Line 28 gets a Cache::Cache object to hold the information for the interprocess communication. The subroutine beginning on line 68 defines this object: we’ll cache in the filespace, naming the application tracerouter. The data will be good for 30 minutes before purging, and a purging run will be executed automatically on the first hit after four hours have passed.

Line 29 puts the initial data into the cache. The cache is always a two element arrayref. The first element is a flag that’s true if the output is complete, false if it isn’t. The second element is the data so far.

And now the fun part. We’re going to fork on line 31. This permits the parent process to tell Apache that we’re done responding to the request, while letting the child go off to perform the long traceroute. If we’re the parent, we need to construct a URL that points back to us, but with the session ID as a CGI parameter. So, we clear all the stored CGI parameters (line 32), set the session ID (line 33), and then print a CGI-redirect of “ourself” (as modified), which becomes an external redirect to the browser (line 34), and we’re done.

The child goes on, but it must first close STDOUT. If it doesn’t, Apache (thinking that output might still be coming for the browser) won’t respond to the browser or release the connection until this is all resolved. Next, we have to launch a child process of the child to execute the traceroute.

We’ll do this with a pipe-open, which includes an implicit fork, on line 37. The grandchild process merges STDERR to STDOUT, and then executes traceroute, passing it the validated host parameter from before. If line 40 is executed, we die and emit a single line of output as our response.

The child (the parent of the traceroute) reads from the file handle opened from the STDOUT (and STDERR) of the traceroute starting in line 42. We declare a buffer ($buf), and as each line is read (line 43), the line is added to the buffer (line 44) and shoved into the cache storage (line 45). When the command is complete, we get end-of-file, drop out of the loop, store the entire buffer again with an “I’m done” flag (line 47), and exit (line 48).

In short, the child process scurries off to execute the command. The parent tells the server to tell the browser to “please revisit me with this session key”. So, the browser comes back on its own volition and ends up starting in line 9 for the third and final part of this program.

Line 10 gets the cache handle, opening the same cache to which the forked child is writing. Line 11 gets the cache data for that session key. Now if the data is missing, either the data has expired or someone is trying to jimmy up a session key to hijack someone else’s session. In either case, we show the form (again) and stop.

Line 16 generates the CGI header. Lines 17 to 19 follow that with the HTML header. If the “data complete” flag is not set, then we need to keep going after this display, so we’ll add a meta-refresh tag to the head info. This instructs the browser to poll the same URL in a number of seconds (here 5 seconds).

Lines 20-23 dump the data that we have so far. If the data is incomplete, an italicized “continuing” paragraph is appended, to let the user know that we’re still working on the answer. And that’s it! That’s a basic strategy to watch a long-running CGI program.

Note that the child process has no awareness if the parent is finally disinterested and could continue merrily chugging away to produce a result that no one will see. Perhaps that can be fixed in another revision. But until next time, enjoy!

Windows and Linux only: Free bootable image creator UNetbootin automates the downloading, imaging, and installing of Linux distributions onto USB thumb drives, creating a persistent, boot-anywhere desktop. We've previously featured rather involved guides to putting Linux on a flash drive, but UNetbootin does it all for you, from downloading the right ISO to setting up a USB stick as a bootable Linux drive. It can also convert almost any bootable ISO, so if you've got an old, smaller thumb drive not seeing much use these days, you can use UNetbootin to install a partition editor, a file-recovering live CD, or the Windows password-cracking Ophcrack. UNetbootin is a free download for Windows XP and higher and Linux systems.

The Annoying Delete in Linux

When it comes to backspace and delete, linux SUCKS! BIG TIME!

I read a lot of howto online, but I don't think it is helping that 
much. Either they are awfully complicated or either it just works on 
specific system. Because of my bad long term memory, I want to write 
this down, so that I know what to do when I deal with this shit again.

I only care how to get bash, nano, emacs to work, so I guess you need 
to go somewhere else if you want to know how to configure other 
applications.



For bash, you need to know how bash interpreted your keys. To see what 
you typed, you do
Control V, then Key
Then you need to put the bindings in your .bashrc files
Nothing is more clear than an example
Say I press Control V, then backspace, it outputs ^H
and I press Control V, then del, it outputs ^?
do bind -p | grep delete may help too.
I put these lines in my .bashrc file

bind '"\C-h": backward-delete-char'
bind '"\C-?": delete-char'

For other weird symbol, such as control d and ^[[3~, you do 
bind '"\C-d": delete-char'
bind '"\M-[3~": delete-char'

It will be great if things are so easy, but usually they don't.
You may find your keys are interpreted differently in xterm.
You need to have specific settings for different environment.
My .bashrc looks like this

# remote login with putty or ssh secure shell
# ^H is a backward delete
# ^? is a forward delete
if [ "$TERM" == "vt100" ]; then
  bind '"\C-h": backward-delete-char'
  bind '"\C-?": delete-char'

# bind '"\C-d": delete-char'
# bind '"\M-[3~": delete-char'
fi

# for xterm
$ TERM may not be rxvt in xterm, so do echo $TERM to check
# ^? is a backward delete
# M-[3~ is a forward delete

if [ "$TERM" == "rxvt" ]; then
  bind '"\C-?": backward-delete-char'
  bind '"\M-[3~": delete-char'

#  bind '"\C-d": backward-delete-char'
#  bind '"\C-h": backward-delete-char'
fi

Similar deal with emacs. You need to find out what emacs interpreted 
what you pressed and you bind that with a function. Unfortunately, 
emacs and emacs -nw don't interprete keys the same way. So you need 
to have different settings for different environment.

To see what you type, you hit the key many many times, then do 
M x view-lossage. You should be able to see what emacs type, for 
both in xemacs mode and emacs -nw mode
Here is my .emacs file

;; use view lossage to see what keysym you are getting
(cond 
  ;; for window system
  (window-system
   (global-set-key (kbd "<backspace>") 'backward-delete-char)
   (define-key c-mode-map (kbd "<backspace>") 'backward-delete-char) 

   (global-set-key (kbd "<delete>") 'delete-char)
   (define-key c-mode-map (kbd "<delete>") 'delete-char))


  ;; for -nw / tty mode
  ('T
   (global-set-key "\C-d" 'backward-delete-char)
   (define-key c-mode-map "\C-d" 'backward-delete-char)

   (global-set-key "\C-h" 'backward-delete-char)     
   (define-key c-mode-map "\C-h" 'backward-delete-char)

   (global-set-key (kbd "DEL") 'delete-char)
   (define-key c-mode-map (kbd "DEL") 'delete-char)))

/boot分区，它包含了操作系统的内核和在启动系统过程中所要用到的文件，建这个分区是有必要的，因为目前大多数的PC机要受到BIOS的限制,况且如果有了一个单独的/boot启动分区，即使主要的根分区出现了问题，计算机依然能够启动。这个分区的大小约在60MB—120MB之间。

/usr分区，是 Linux系统存放软件的地方，如有可能应将最大空间分给它。

/home分区，是用户的home目录所在地，这个分区的大小取决于有多少用户。如果是多用户共同使用一台电脑的话，这个分区是完全有必要的，况且根用户也可以很好地控制普通用户使用计算机，如对用户或者用户组实行硬盘限量使用，限制普通用户访问哪些文件等。

/var/log分区，是系统日志记录分区，如果设立了这一单独的分区，这样即使系统的日志文件出现了问题，它们也不会影响到操作系统的主分区。

/tmp分区，用来存放临时文件。这对于多用户系统或者网络服务器来说是有必要的。这样即使程序运行时生成大量的临时文件，或者用户对系统进行了错误的操作，文件系统的其它部分仍然是安全的。因为文件系统的这一部分仍然还承受着读写操作，所以它通常会比其它的部分更快地发生问题。

/bin分区，存放标准系统实用程序。

上面介绍了几个常用的分区，但记住至少要有两个分区，一个SWAP分区，一个/分区。

BackupYourSystem

出自Ubuntu中文

How to install RealPlayer on Ubuntu

Posted by Admin at 18:55  

Labels: install RealPlayer on Ubuntu 7.10, install RealPlayer on Ubuntu 8.04, install RealPlayer on Ubuntu gutsy, install RealPlayer on Ubuntu hardy

Using Juniper Network Connect on Ubuntu

What is Network Connect?

Network Connect is a software package from Juniper Networks that interfaces with its Secure Access hardware and provides a Virtual Private Network (VPN) solution. There are two software products that connect to Secure Access servers: Windows Secure Application Manager which, as you might guess, runs on Microsoft Windows; and Network Connect which runs on other platforms, in particular GNU/Linux.

So, GNU/Linux is supported! Great! Well, sort of. Juniper has fallen into the common trap of supporting Red Hat Enterprise Linux and calling it good enough. It's quite frustrating, since with an extra hour or two of effort these companies could create a portable solution. I realize that support costs money, but even if they only officially supported Red Hat Enterprise, it wouldn't hurt them to go the extra couple of centimeters necessary to provide a more generic implementation.

Luckily, the actual VPN software works fine on Ubuntu. It's the invocation script and especially the installer which is utterly broken. However, it's a relatively straightforward proposition to simply avoid using them; I've created a shell script which will allow you to connect and disconnect without needing to go through the broken scripting that comes with Network Connect. Here's how you use it.

This is how I got REX on Hardy:

- Download and install "libstdc++2.10-glibc2.2_2.95.4-24_i386.deb" from http://packages.ubuntu.com/gutsy/i386/libstdc++2.10-glibc2.2/download

- install "alien" and "rpm" (via the package manager)

- Install openssl  (via the package manager)

- cd /usr/lib

- sudo ln -s libssl.so.0.9.8 libssl.so

- enable user "root" with "sudo passwd root"

- connect to "https://rex.corp.ebay.com"

- when a xterm pops up, enter the root password

- after installing disable "root" with "sudo passwd -l root"

From now on, just navigate to REX as usual.  When the xterm pops up (like it did above), just ^C out because it’s already installed.

I have done the same thing, except I didn't fake it out using your symlink method for rpm.

Instead, I edited the $HOME/.juniper_networks/network_connect/xlaunchNC.sh. Towards the bottom is the code that looks for rpm.

rpm -q openssl 1>> $1/missing.info
if [ "$?" -ne "0" ]
then
    echo "RPM query for openssl failed." >> $1/missing.rpt
fi

chattr +i xlaunchNC.sh

So how do you discover just what partition belongs to which UUID? Open up a terminal session (Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal) and type the following:

sudo blkid

View Full Version : [SOLVED] Can't connect to MySQL (10061)

Introduction

# grep -E "^sonypi" /proc/modules